Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, 7th Edition

• Descriptive Terms Useful in the Study of Anatomy.
• Microscopic Anatomy: Animal Cells and Tissues.
• The General Plan of the Animal Body.

• Properties of Life.
• Chemical Composition of the Cell.
• Microscopic Study of the Cell.
• The Cell Membrane.
• Transport Across Cell Membranes.
• Membrane Potentials and Excitable Cells.
• Membrane Receptors and Intracellular Signaling.
• Cytoplasm and Cytoplasmic Organelles.
• Nucleus.
• Cell Division.
• Regulation of Cell Growth and Replication.

• Development of Germ Layers.
• Neurulation.
• Differentiation of Other Tissues.

• Functions of Bones.
• Terminology.
• Classification of Bones According to Gross Appearance.
• Axial Skeleton.
• Appendicular Skeleton.

• Microscopic Anatomy and Formation of Bone.
• Ossification.
• Physiology of Bone.
• Fractures and Fracture Healing.
• Other Pathologic Conditions.

• Classification of Joints.
• Movements of Joints.
• Types of Synovial Joints.
• Joints of the Axial Skeleton.
• Joints of the Appendicular Skeleton.
• Pathology of Joints and Related Structures.

• Types of Muscle Tissue.
• Functions of the Muscular System.
• Skeletal Muscle Organization.
• Muscles of the Thoracic Limb.
• Muscles of the Pelvic Limb.
• Muscles of the Head.
• Muscles of the Trunk and Neck.

• Skeletal Muscle.
• Smooth Muscle.
• Cardiac Muscle.

• Microscopic Neuroanatomy.
• Embryology.
• Central Nervous System.
• Peripheral Nervous System.
• Autonomic Nervous System.
• Enteric Nervous System.

• Physiology of the Nerve Impulse.
• Synaptic Transmission.
• Neurotransmitters.
• Neural Control of Skeletal Muscle.
• Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System.
• Regeneration and Repair in the Nervous System.

• Sensory Receptors.
• Somatosensation.
• Visceral Sensations.
• Chemical Senses.
• Hearing and Balance.
• Vision.

• Hormones and Their Receptors.
• Cellular Effects of Peptide Hormones.
• Cellular Effects of Steroid and Thyroid Hormones.
• Negative and Positive Feedback Regulation.
• Hypothalamopituitary Axis
• Hormones of the Neurohypophysis.
• Hormones of the Adenohypophysis.
• Other Endocrine Glands.

• Integument.
• Skin.
• Adnexa of the Skin.
• Modified Epidermis.
• Coat Color in Horses.
• Wool.

• Structure of the Foot.
• Function.
• Stay Apparatus.

• Blood.
• Plasma and Serum.
• Blood pH.
• Hemostasis and Coagulation.
• Lymph.
• Serous Fluids.

• Nonspecific Defenses.
• Specific Immune Response.
• B Lymphocytes.
• Immunoglobulins.
• T Cells and Cell-Mediated Immunity.
• Lymphocyte Origin, Development, and Residence.
• Active and Passive Immunities.
• Immunological Surveillance.
• Lymphatic System.

• Heart.
• Vessels.
• Pulmonary Circulation.
• Systemic Circulation.
• Veins.
• Fetal Circulation.

• Circulation.
• Basic Design and Function of the Cardiovascular System.
• Cardiac Cycle.
• Electrical Activity of the Heart.
• Cardiac Output and Its Regulation.
• Structure and Function of Blood Vessels.
• Regulation of Arterial Blood Pressure and Blood Volume.
• Cardiovascular Function During Exercise and Hypovolemia.

• Upper Respiratory Tract.
• Thorax.
• Physiology of Respiration.

• Organization of the Digestive System.
• Mouth.
• Pharynx.
• Esophagus
• Nonruminant Stomach.
• Ruminant Stomach.
• Small Intestine.
• Large Intestine.
• Peritoneal Features.
• Accessory Digestive Organs.

• Pregastric Physiology.
• Ruminant Forestomach.
• Gastric Physiology.
• Physiology of the Small Intestine, Exocrine.
• Pancreas, and Liver.
• Physiology of the Cecum and Colon.
• Rectum and Defecation.

• Nutrition.
• Metabolism.

• Anatomy of the Kidney.
• Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra.
• Micturition.
• Overview of Function and Histology of the Kidneys.
• Glomerular Filtration.
• Proximal Tubule Transport.
• Concentration and Dilution of Urine: Role of the Loop of Henle and Collecting Duct Transport.
• Sodium, Potassium, and Aldosterone.
• Urine Acidification.
• Regulation of Acid-Base Balance.

• Testis.
• Epididymis.
• Ductus Deferens.
• Scrotum.
• Inguinal Canal.
• Descent of the Testis.
• Castration.
• Accessory Sex Glands.
• Penis.
• Prepuce.
• Muscles of the Male Genitalia.
• Blood and Nerve Supply of the Male
• Genitalia.

• Seminiferous Tubules and Spermatogenesis.
• Epididymis.
• Semen and Semen Technology.
• Hormones of Male Reproduction.
• Erection and Ejaculation.

• Ovaries.
• Uterine Tubes.
• Uterus.
• Vagina.
• Vestibule and Vulva.
• Blood and Nerve Supply of the Female Reproductive Tract.

• Oogenesis.
• Ovulation.
• Corpus Luteum.
• Phases of the Estrous Cycle.
• Specifics of Selected Estrous Cycles.

• Fertilization.
• Implantation and Placentation.
• Hormones of Pregnancy.
• Pregnancy Diagnosis.
• Parturition.
• Fetal Presentations and Delivery.
• Dystocia.

• Mammary Glands of the Cow.
• Microscopic Anatomy of the Mammary.
• Gland.
• Mammary Glands of Swine.
• Mammary Glands of Sheep and Goats.
• Mammary Glands of the Horse.
• Physiology of Lactation.

• Integument.
• Body Design.
• Skeleton and Bone.
• Musculature.
• Gastrointestinal System.
• Respiratory System.
• Cardiovascular System.
• Lymphatic System.
• Urinary System.
• Female Reproductive System.
• Male Reproductive System.
• Sex Chromosomes.
• Reproduction and Photoperiods.

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